这里列出的30本书富含理解世界的大智慧，均是精妙绝伦之作。大家都应该在30岁之前读一读这些书。
30 Books Everyone Should Read Before You’re Thirty
注：小说类及非小说类混编
The Web is grand. With its fame for hosting informative, easy-to-skim textual snippets, and collaborative written works, people are spending more and more time reading online. Nevertheless, the Web cannot replace the authoritative transmissions from certain classic books that have delivered (or will deliver) profound ideas around the globe for generations.
The thirty books listed here are of unparalleled prose, packed with wisdom capable of igniting a new understanding of the world. Everyone should read these books before their thirtieth birthday.
Siddhartha《流浪者之歌》 by Hermann Hesse[PDF格式下载]
A powerful story about the importance of life experiences as they relate to approaching an understanding of reality and attaining enlightenment
《流浪者之歌》是诺贝尔文奖得主赫塞融和东西文化，探求人类内在精神真实体验的一部巨作。在本书中，赫塞藉由主角求道的过程，反应出潜藏世人内心各种不安、迷惑、莫名蠢动诱因力道之强大，以坦白、不假修饰的真诚频率，带领读者以一种平和、不执妄的喜悦心，臻至追求真我性灵的丰美与满足的境地。
1984《一九八四》 by George Orwell [PDF格式下载]
1984 still holds chief significance nearly sixty years after it was written in 1949. It is widely acclaimed for its haunting vision of an all-knowing government, which uses pervasive, twenty-four/seven surveillance tactics to manipulate all citizens of the populace.
《一九八四》是奥威尔的传世之作，堪称世界文坛最著名的反乌托邦、反极权的政治讽喻小说。他在小说中创造的“老大哥”、“双重思想”、“ 新话”等词汇都已收威的英语词典，甚至由他的姓衍生出“奥威尔式” （Orwellian）、“奥威尔主义”（Orwellism）这样的通用词汇，不断出现在报道国际新闻的记者笔下，足见其作品在英语国家影响之深远。
To Kill a Mockingbird《杀死一只知更鸟》 by Harper Lee[PDF格式下载]
The story surveys the controversial issues of race and economic class in the 1930s Deep South via a court case of a black man charged with the rape and abuse of a young white girl. It’s a moving tale that delivers a profound message about fighting for justice and against prejudice.
本书获1960年普利策奖。三十年代，美国大萧条时期南部的一个小镇，三个天真孩子的生活因为两桩冤案而改变。赢弱而失语的人、固守太多偏见的无知的人，还有恪守原则的善良的律师父亲，迫使他们艰难地去理解成人世界里的偏见和冷漠，去理解真相所包含的危机和无奈，同时试着去理解，坏人的内心也可能无辜。
A Clockwork Orange by Anthony Burgess [PDF格式下载]
A nightmarish vision of insane youth culture that depicts heart wrenching insight into the life of a disturbed adolescent. This novel will blow you away … leaving you breathless, livid, thrilled, and concerned.
《发条橙》是一部幻想小说，一个生活在英国未来社会的问题少年，由于青春斯躁动走上犯罪道路，破坏社会，五毒俱全，后受到社会制裁，被剥夺自由意志，经过思考与改造，他重新融入社会，意识到自己不过是上帝手中的一只发条橙……
For Whom the Bell Tolls 《战地钟声》by Ernest Hemingway[PDF格式下载]
A short, powerful contemplation on death, ideology and the incredible brutality of war.
《战地钟声》是描述西班牙内战，海明威表达了佛朗哥元帅极权统治不但影响西班牙人，也影响其他国家的人。那个时期，欧美国家很多左倾艺术家和知识分子，都 表态反对极权统治，毕加索更以著名巨型画作格尔尼卡（Guernica）批评佛朗哥。于1940年出版。以西班牙内战为背景，描写满怀理想的美国青年罗伯 特·约丹（Robert Jordan)志愿参战，逃亡时因受伤而被遗弃在后方，于是独自与敌人火拼，最后以自杀了结此生的悲剧。故事情节复杂，人物刻划生动。
War and Peace《战争与和平》 by Leo Tolstoy[PDF格式下载]
This masterpiece is so enormous even Tolstoy said it couldn’t be described as a standard novel. The storyline takes place in Russian society during the Napoleonic Era, following the characters of Andrei, Pierre and Natasha … and the tragic and unanticipated way in which their lives interconnect.
托尔斯泰卷帙浩繁的长篇小说。场面浩大，人物繁多，被称为“世界上最伟大的小说”，成就非凡。《战争与和平》问世至今，一直被人称为“世界上最伟大的小说 ”。 这部卷帙浩繁的巨著以史诗般广阔与雄浑的气势，生动地描写了1805至1820年俄国社会的重大历史事件和各个生活领域：“近千个人物，无数的场景，国家 和私人生活的一切可能的领域，历史，战争，人间一切惨剧，各种情欲，人生各个阶段，从婴儿降临人间的啼声到气息奄奄的老人的感情最后迸发，人所能感受到的 一切欢乐和痛苦，各种可能的内心思绪，从窃取自己同伴的钱币的小偷的感觉，到英雄主义的最崇高的冲动和领悟透彻的沉思— —在这幅画里都应有尽有。
The Rights of Man by Tom Paine [PDF格式下载]
Written during the era of the French Revolution, this book was one of the first to introduce the concept of human rights from the standpoint of democracy.
托马斯·潘恩的《论》主张天赋权利和代议制民主共和的思想,其中处处体现出了对贫苦人民生活的关注,反对社会的不平等,成为英国早期工人运动的启蒙教材,在英国工人运动思想史上具有不容忽视的作用.
The Social Contract《社会契约论》 by Jean-Jacques Rousseau[PDF格式下载]
A famous quote from the book states that “Man is born free, and everywhere he is in chains.” This accurately summarizes the book’s prime position on the importance of individual human rights within society.
社会契约论(法文：Du Contrat Social，又译《民约论》，或称政治权利原理）是法国思想家让·雅克·卢梭于1762年写成的一本书。《社会契约论》中主权在民的思想，是现代民主制度的基石，深刻地影响了逐步废除欧洲君主绝对权力的运动，和18世纪末北美殖民地摆脱英帝国统治、建立民主制度的斗争。美国的《独立宣言》和法国的《宣言》及两国的宪法均体现了《社会契约论》的民主思想。
One Hundred Years of Solitude《百年孤独》 by Gabriel García Márquez [PDF格式下载]
This novel does not have a plot in the conventional sense, but instead uses various narratives to portray a clear message about the general importance of remembering our cultural history.
The Origin of Species《物种起源》 by Charles Darwin[PDF格式下载]
Few books have had as significant an impact on the way society views the natural world and the genesis of humankind.
必读理由
影响世界历史进程的经典著作
震撼世界的10本书之一
1985年美国《生活》杂志评选的人类有史以来的最佳图书
1986年英国《读书》杂志推荐的理想藏书
所阐述的进化论是19世纪自然科学的三大发现之一
人类思想发展史上一座最伟大的划时代的里程碑
The Wisdom of the Desert《沙漠的智慧》 by Thomas Merton
A collection of thoughts, meditations and reflections that give insight into what life is like to live simply and purely, dedicated to a greater power than ourselves.
这是一部对比本身更强大的力量的思考、冥想和反思的文集，它让人们了解，如果简单而纯粹地生活，生命又是怎样一番景象。
The Tipping Point《引爆流行》 by Malcolm Gladwell[PDF格式下载]
Gladwell looks at how a small idea, or product concept, can spread like a virus and spark global sociological changes. Specifically, he analyzes “the levels at which the momentum for change becomes unstoppable.”
《引爆流行》可谓是一部智力历险记忆，妙趣横生，极富有感染力，让人充分感受到思想的魅力和愉悦。尤其重要的是，本书如同一幅思维导航图，让人看到思维的一种新的拓展方式，并且相信，一个富有想像力的人只要能找准引爆点，就能打开一个充满惊喜的世界。
The Wind in the Willows《柳林风声》 by Kenneth Graham[在线阅读]
Arguably one of the best children’s books ever written; this short novel will help you appreciate the simple pleasures in life. It’s most notable for its playful mixture of mysticism, adventure, morality, and camaraderie.
《柳林风声》为仅带读者经历动物主角们随着季节变化的生活故事，还生动地刻画了柳林中萦绕的友谊与温情。此书也是哈利波特的作者JK•罗琳最喜欢的文学作品，在哈利波特当中，赫奇帕奇的象征獾也是以书里憨厚的獾先生为原型的。
The Art of War《孙子兵法》 by Sun Tzu[PDF格式下载]
One of the oldest books on military strategy in the world. It’s easily the most successful written work on the mechanics of general strategy and business tactics.
《孙子兵法》是中国古典军事文化遗产中的璀璨瑰宝，是中国优秀文化传统的重要组成部分。是世界三大兵书之一（另外两部是：《战争论》(克劳塞维茨) ，《五轮书》(宫本武藏) ）其内容博大精深，思想精邃富赡，逻辑缜密严谨。作者为春秋末年的齐国人孙武（字长卿）。
The Lord of the Rings《魔戒|指环王》 by J.R.R. Tolkien [Ebook下载]
One of the greatest fictional stories ever told, and by far one of the most popular and influential written works in twentieth-century literature. Once you pick up the first book, you’ll read them all.
David Copperfield《大卫·科波菲尔》 by Charles Dickens[PDF格式下载]
This is a tale that lingers on the topic of attaining and maintaining a disciplined heart as it relates to one’s emotional and moral life. Dickens states that we must learn to go against “the first mistaken impulse of the undisciplined heart.”
Four Quartets by T.S. Eliot
Probably the wisest poetic prose of modern times. It was written during World War II, and is still entirely relevant today … here’s an excerpt: “The dove descending breaks the air/With flame of incandescent terror/Of which the tongues declare/The only discharge from sin and error/The only hope, or the despair/Lies in the choice of pyre or pyre–/To be redeemed from fire by fire./Who then devised this torment?/Love/Love is the unfamiliar Name/Behind the hands that wave/The intolerable shirt of flame/Which human power cannot remove./We only live, only suspire/Consumed by either fire or fire.”
Catch-22《第二十二条军规》 by Joseph Heller [PDF格式下载]
This book coined the self-titled term “catch-22” that is widely used in modern-day dialogue. As for the story, its message is clear: What’s commonly held to be good, may be bad … what is sensible, is nonsense. Its one of the greatest literary works of the twentieth century. Read it.
第二十二条军规》是一部严肃的、讽刺性极强的小说。通过这部小说，约瑟夫·海勒将他眼中的美国社会展现在读者眼前。这个社会处于一种有组织的混乱、一种制 度化了的疯狂之中，这个社会的一切只服从“第二十二条军规”的荒诞逻辑。这样一种病态的、荒诞的社会只有海勒的想象力才能够包容它，只有“黑色幽默”这样 的创作手法才能够较好地表现它。
The Great Gatsby《了不起的盖茨比》 by F. Scott Fitzgerald [PDF格式下载]
Set in the Jazz Age of the roaring 20s, this book unravels a cautionary tale of the American dream. Specifically, the reader learns that a few good friends are far more important that a zillion acquaintances, and the drive created from the desire to have something is more valuable than actually having it.
二十世纪二十年代的美国，空气里弥漫着欢歌与纵饮的气息。一个偶然的机会，穷职员尼克闯入了挥金如土的大富翁盖茨比隐秘的世界，惊讶地发现，他内心惟一的 牵绊竟是河对岸那盏小小的绿灯——灯影婆娑中，住着心爱的黛西。然而，冰冷的现实容不下缥缈的梦，到头来，盖茨比心中的女神只不过是凡尘俗世的物质女郎。 当一切真相大白，盖茨比的悲剧人生亦如烟花般，璀璨只是一瞬，幻灭才是永恒。一阕华丽的“爵士时代”的挽歌，在菲茨杰拉德笔下，如诗如梦，在美国当代文学 史上留下了墨色浓重的印痕。
The Catcher in the Rye《麦田守望者》 by J.D. Salinger [PDF格式下载]
This novel firmly stands as an icon for accurately representing the ups and downs of teen angst, defiance and rebellion. If nothing else, it serves as a reminder of the unpredictable teenage mindset.
Crime and Punishment《罪与罚》 by Fyodor Dostoyevsky[PDF格式下载]
A smooth-flowing, captivating novel of a young man living in poverty who criminally succumbs to the desire for money, and the hefty psychological impact this has on him and the people closest to him.
《罪与罚》是一本好书，但不是一道好菜。它会让幸福单纯者突然间笑容冻结，吃不下、睡不好。《罪与罚》所传达的是一种空前的紧张和极度的痛苦，即使是相隔百年，那字里行间的意境，也仍会随着书页的翻动将脆弱的心再度揪紧。
The Prince《君主论》 by Niccolo Machiavelli[PDF格式下载]
This book does a great job at describing situations of power and statesmanship. From political and corporate power struggles to attaining advancement, influence, and authority over others, Machiavelli’s observations apply.
《君主论》集西方数千年权术思想之精华，奠定了西方“厚黑学”之基础。它被称为邪恶的圣经，毁誉参半，不管放在什么地方都有几分惊世骇俗；但它又是一本不 可不读的奇书，一直被奉为欧洲历代君主的案头之书，政治家的最高指南，统治阶级巩固其统治的治国原则，和人类有史以来对政治斗争技巧最独到、最精辟的解 剖。同时，在政治界、宗教界、学术界等领域引起过巨大的反响，被西方评论界列为和《圣经》、《资本论》等相提并论的影响人类历史的十部著作之一。
Walden《瓦尔登湖》 by Henry David Thoreau [PDF格式下载]
Thoreau spent two years, two months and two days writing this book in a secluded cabin near the banks of Walden Pond in Concord, Massachusetts. This is a story about being truly free from the pressures of society. The book can speak for itself: “I went to the woods because I wished to live deliberately, to front only the essential facts of life, and see if I could not learn what it had to teach, and not, when I came to die, discover that I had not lived.”
这是一本极为优秀的人生哲理书，但从根本上讲，这本书更能扩大我们的日常视野，让我们从简单的生活开始学习知识。通过这本书，我们不仅可以接触到大量的动 物和植物学知识，还能了解到更多的人文、地理和历史知识。阅读它，我们能在平凡与简单中真切感受生活的意义与趣味，也更能感受寂静之美。
The Republic《理想国》 by Plato [PDF格式下载]
A gripping and enduring work of philosophy on how life should be lived, justice should be served, and leaders should lead. It also gives the reader a fundamental understanding of western political theory.
《理想国》是西方政治思想传统的最具代表性的作品，通过苏格拉底与他人的对话，给后人展现了一个完美优越的城邦。
柏拉图把国家分为三个阶层：受过严格哲学教育的统治阶层、保卫国家的武士阶层、平民阶层。他鄙 视个人幸福，无限地强调城邦整体、强调他一己以为的“正义”。在柏拉图眼中，第三阶层的人民是低下的，可以欺骗的。他赋予了统治者无上的权力，甚至统治者 “为了国家利益可以用撒谎来对付敌人或者公民”
Lolita《洛丽塔》 by Vladimir Nabokov[PDF格式下载]
This is the kind of book that blows your mind wide open to conflicting feelings of life, love and corruption … and at times makes you deeply question your own perceptions of each. The story is as devious as it is beautiful.
《洛丽塔》讲述的是一个中年男子对十二岁女孩的恋情故事。其近乎疯狂的情欲描写和取材的大胆，导致它在五十多年前，曾一度被视为离经叛道的色情小说，然而它又不仅仅是一本关于畸恋的普通畅销书而已，今天再读《洛丽塔》，那些精妙绝伦的写作技巧，奇特迷人的文字雕凿，富含莎士比亚性质的悲喜剧意韵，尽管翻译本难以现其原貌，依然能令人叹为观止…
Getting Things Done by David Allen
The quintessential guide to organizing your life and getting things done. Nuff said.
How To Win Friends and Influence People《如何赢得友谊和影响他人》 by Dale Carnegie[PDF格式下载]
This is the granddaddy of all self-improvement books. It is a comprehensive, easy to read guide for winning people over to your way of thinking in both business and personal relationships.
人类历史上最畅销的励志经典，洞见人性直达心灵的人生智慧。 卡耐基在书中以人性为基础。分析和阐述了处理人际关系的3大技巧、使人喜欢你的6大方法、领导他人的12种技巧、说服他人的9大原则，这一套人际关系学令读者怦然心动，也使世界人类的相处之道为之一新，能够帮助读者最大化地挖掘自我潜能。 本书在世界出版史上创造了奇迹，许多青年企业家、业务员、家庭主妇、学生、热恋中的情侣都争相阅读。这的确是一本能让人惊喜、使人思想更成熟、举止更稳重的好书。也是人一生中最重要的一本书。
Lord of the Flies《蝇王》 by William Golding[PDF格式下载]
A powerful and alarming look at the possibilities for savagery in a lawless environment, where compassionate human reasoning is replaced by anarchistic, animal instinct
《蝇王》是英国作家、诺贝尔文学奖获得者威廉·戈尔丁的代表作，是一本重要的哲理小说，借小孩的天真来探讨人性的恶这一严肃主题。故事发生于想象中的第三次世界大战，一群六岁至十二岁的儿童在撤退途中因飞机失事被困在一座荒岛上，起先尚能和睦相处，后来由于恶的本性的膨胀起来，便互相残杀，发生悲剧性的结果。作者将抽象的哲理命题具体化，让读者通过阅读引人入胜的故事和激动人心的争斗场面来加以体悟，人物、场景、故事、意象等都深具象征意义。
The Grapes of Wrath《愤怒的葡萄》 by John Steinbeck[PDF格式下载]
Steinbeck’s deeply touching tale about the survival of displaced families desperately searching for work in a nation stuck by depression will never cease to be relevant.
《愤怒的葡萄》是美国30年代大萧条时期的一部史诗。小说主人公约德刑满被释回家，发现家乡一片荒芜，只得携家乘坐一辆破旧的汽车到西部谋生，在那里的一个农场做工。一家人拼命干活，只能勉强糊口，农场主还不断地压低工资。农工们奋起反抗，举行罢工，警察前来镇压，牧师凯绥同情农工，被武装流氓打死。约德将凶手击毙，只得再次背井离乡。这部作品，反映了广大人民群众对现存社会的日益不满和叛逆精神，具有鲜明的时代特征。为此，斯坦贝克成了“被压迫者的代言人”。在艺术上，再现了30年代大萧条时期的生活，在人物形象的塑造上，强调外部特征，而不是探究微妙的心理，因而他笔下的人物是类型化的而不是个性化的。象征手法和讽刺手法在作品中也得到了很好的运用。
The Master and Margarita by Mikhail Bulgak
This anticommunist masterpiece is a multifaceted novel about the clash between good and evil. It dives head first into the topics of greed, corruption and deception as they relate to human nature.
BONUS: How To Cook Everything by Mark Bittman
900 pages of simple instructions on how to cook everything you could ever dream of eating. Pretty much the greatest cookbook ever written. Get through a few recipes each week, and you’ll be a master chef by the time you’re thirty.
BONUS: Honeymoon with My Brother by Franz Wisner
Franz Wisner had it all … a great job and a beautiful fiancée. Life was good. But then his fiancée dumped him days before their wedding, and his boss basically fired him. So he dragged his younger brother to Costa Rica for his already-scheduled honeymoon and they never turned back … around the world they went for two full years. This is a fun, heartfelt adventure story about life, relationships, and self-discovery.